[CA] Lecture #05

Inside the Processor (CPU)

The Organization of a Computer

• Datapath: Performs operations on data.
• Control: Sequences datapath, memory, and more.
• Cache memory: Small fast SRAM memory for immediate access to data.

 

Abstractions

• Abstraction (추상화) --> Abstraction helps us deal with complexity.
• ISA(Instruction Set Architecture): HW/SW interface
• ABI(Application Binary Interface): ISA + system software interface
• Implementation: instruction을 구현하는 방식

 

A Safe Place for Data

• Volatile: main memory
• Non-volatile: secondary memory

 

Networks

: communication, resource sharing, non-local access.

• LAN(Local Area Network): Ethernet
• WAN(Wide-Area-Network): the Internet
• Wireless network: WiFi, Bluetooth

 

Technology Trends

 

Semiconductor Technology & Manufacturing ICs

• Silicon: semiconductor (반도체)
• Yield (수율): proportion of working dies per wafer.

 

Integrated Circuit Cost

Integrated Circuit Cost

 

Response Time & Throughput

▶ Performance (성능)

• Response time: How long it takes to do a task.
• Throughput: Total work done per unit time.

--> Single core 성능↑: response time↑, throughput↑

--> Multi-core 성능↑: throughput↑ (response time 개선x)

 

We will focus on "response time" for now...

 

Relative Performance

Performance = 1/Execution time

--> 성능: 시간(Execution time)만을 고려한다!

 

Measuring Execution Time

• Elapsed time: Total response time, including all aspects.
• CPU execution time (CPU time): Time spent processing a given job.

 

CPU Clocking

CPU Clocking

• Clock period: Duration of a clock cycle.
• Clock frequency (rate): Cycle per second.
  ex) 1hz: 1초에 clocking이 1번 발생한 것

Order of Magnitude (규모)